TEA CONSUMPTION HABITS AND DIETARY PATTERNS AS RISK FACTORS FOR ANEMIA AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Abstract

Background: The 2023 Indonesian Health Survey revealed that 54.8% of adolescent girls had never received iron supplementation, while the Grobogan District Health Office recorded 1,234 adolescents at risk for anemia in 2025. These figures are compounded by poor dietary habits including frequent breakfast skipping, inadequate food intake, and the consumption of tea or coffee during meals  all of which impair iron absorption and heighten the risk of iron deficiency anemia among adolescents. Objective : to examine the association between habitual tea consumption and dietary patterns with the occurrence of anemia in female adolescents at SMK Negeri 1 Purwodadi. Methods : the present study utilized a quantitative research approach employing a cross-sectional study design. Participant recruitment was carried out through purposive sampling, resulting in a sample size of 85 respondents. Bivariate statistical analysis was performed using the Spearman Rank Correlation coefficient. Result : The results of the Spearman Rank Correlation analysis demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between habitual tea consumption and anemia incidence, with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.455 and a significance value of p = 0.000 (p < 0.05). Additionally, dietary patterns were found to be significantly associated with anemia incidence, yielding a correlation coefficient of r = 0.256 and a significance value of p = 0.000 (p < 0.05).  Conclusion : Both variables demonstrated a positive correlation direction, suggesting that deteriorating tea consumption habits and dietary patterns are associated with an increased risk of anemia among the study population