The Influence of the Health Belief Model on Iron Tablet Supplement Consumption Behavior among Pregnant Women with Anemia in Sragen Regency

Abstrak

Anemia in pregnant women is a public health issue in Indonesia and contributes significantly to increased risks of pregnancy complications as well as maternal and infant mortality, including in Sragen Regency. One of the national efforts to address anemia is the provision of iron (Fe) supplement tablets to pregnant women. However, adherence to Fe supplement intake remains suboptimal, which can adversely affect pregnancy outcomes.

This study aims to analyze the role of variables within the Health Belief Model (HBM) in explaining iron supplement consumption behavior among pregnant women in Sragen Regency. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design was employed, involving 200 pregnant women respondents selected from various primary health centers across Sragen. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire measuring the components of the HBM.

The findings indicate that perceived susceptibility and perceived severity significantly influence Fe supplement consumption behavior among pregnant women (p < 0.05). Pregnant women with low perceived susceptibility are 9 times more likely to develop anemia, while those with low perceived severity are 8 times more likely compared to those with high perceptions.

This study demonstrates that the Health Belief Model, particularly the constructs of perceived susceptibility and severity, plays a significant role in shaping iron supplement consumption behavior. Pregnant women with low awareness of their vulnerability and the seriousness of anemia are at a higher risk of developing the condition. Therefore, targeted health promotion interventions are essential to raise awareness about the risks and severe consequences of anemia in order to prevent complications during pregnancy